What is Working Principle of Laser Pointers

To understand working principle of laser pointers, one must understand a bit about the light emission and absorption properties of atoms, as well as the electronic structure in atoms. Every atom has a nucleus with electrons revolving around it at different distances. The electrons are bound to the nucleus by the electrical attraction, that exists between positive protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons.

The name 'LASER' is actually an acronym that stands for 'Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation'. The answer to how lasers work, is right in its name itself. Lasers work through light amplification, achieved by the quantum mechanical phenomenon of stimulated emission.

You will find lasers everywhere today. Right from CD and DVD reader/writers to industrial and surgical applications, lasers are used in many fields of human endeavor. This article is a short introduction to show working principle of laser pointers.

The electrons are in specific and well defined orbits, while revolving around the nucleus. These well defined orbits have specific energy associated with them. One can think of these energy levels as steps on a ladder, which are not equally spaced however. Each higher step on the energy ladder has higher energy than the one below. The first few steps on this energy ladder are the ground states and all the next ones are 'excited energy'. These orbits are not well defined but spread out in space due to the uncertainty principle of quantum physics. That is, we cannot say where exactly an electron is, but only calculate probabilities of it being in an energy level which is spread out in space. There is a fuzzy cloud of electrons around the nucleus. This is called the electron cloud model.Electrons keep hopping between these energy steps or levels. Read more on:
The laser working principle is based on the concept of population inversion and stimulated emission. As I said before, normally very few atoms have electrons in the excited state. Population inversion is all about inverting the population of electrons in ground states, so that maximum electron have atoms in the excited state. This is achieved by bombardment of photons on the atoms, so that many electrons absorb energy and rise to higher excited states. It is known as pumping.
Stimulated emission, unlike spontaneous emission is biasing the probability of electron transition to lower states, causing emission of photons. It is achieved by bombarding of atoms with photons, which have exactly the same energy, as difference between the transition energy levels. To get a monochromatic and coherent light output from a bunch of atoms, many electrons need to be in a specific excited state at the same time and they must make the transition to a lower state, in unison! The light output is monochromatic or single wavelength, as all the atoms emit photons of same energy and it's coherent as the photon emissions occur in unison!
Now that I have given you some idea about the laser working principles, let us have a look at the working of laser and laser pointer. A laser consists of a 'Gain Medium', placed in a resonant cavity, with facility for pumping the gain medium. The gain medium also known as 'lasing medium' is a bunch of atoms, molecules or a mixture of atoms selected according to the wavelength of laser light that is needed. The gain medium is selected after studying spectroscopic emission properties of various atoms. A resonant cavity is an enclosure with reflecting mirror on one side and semi reflecting mirror on the other side. The gain medium is first pumped, that is the atoms are excited by bombardment of photons. These atoms have electrons in excited states which emit photons. These photons keep bouncing around in the gain medium, as they are reflected due to the mirrors. This causes stimulated emission, which increases the number of excited electrons. When these electrons get deexcited, they release photons of the same energy and wavelength. This creates a concentrated, monochromatic output of photons, which escapes out of the semi-silvered mirror, giving a laser output! This light beam can be concentrated by the usage of lenses, giving it directionality, which is a feature of laser light.
According to the lasing medium, the wavelength of laser output changes. There are many types of lasers, differentiated by the gain medium used. Hope this article has given you a rough idea of how does a laser work and provide a monochromatic, coherent and directional light output. To fully understand how lasers work in detail, one must understand some concepts of quantum mechanics and a lot of electronics.

What was the cause of the blue laser pointers much more expensive?

Both blue laser pointers and green laser pointers use a pump diode that gives out infrared 808nm light that is used to pump the same type of crystals. The pumped crystals in turn give out light in the far infrared spectrum. The difference between blue lasers and green lasers is the optical coatings on the pumped crystals and the type of far infrared light produced by these crystals.
The pumped crystals in a green laser pointer have an optical coating that causes the crystals to give out mostly 1064nm infrared light that is frequency doubled by another crystal to green 532nm light. The pumped crystals in a blue laser pointer have a different coating that causes the crystals to give out mostly 946nm infrared light that is also frequency doubled by another crystal to 473nm light.

The process of producing 1064nm light is much more efficient than making 946nm light so blue laser pointers need a large pump diode to produce the same power. The larger pump diode makes blue laser pointers more expensive. The frequency doubling crystals in blue laser pointers are rarer and more expensive than those in green laser pointers.

It is not just blue laser pointers that are more expensive. Blue laser modules, OEM blue lasers and blue lab lasers are also much more expensive than their green counterparts. The reason for such a large price differences are the processes used to generate the laser beam, the components used that the manufacturing volumes.

Green laser pointers have better visibility than blue laser pointers and have less temperature problems at higher power levels. This means that green lasers are used for a larger number of diverse applications such as astronomy, pointing, burning and signaling and are manufactured in very high volumes. Blue laser pointers on the other hand are much more limited in their application and are manufactured in much lower volumes. Like any product, the lower the volume produced, the more expensive the product is.

150mw green titanium laser pointer beam

A laser pointer is a small device that emits light beam used to highlight different objects in a presentation. This tool has been used to replace the usual stick or extendable metal rods that are being used to point at objects. All titanium laser pointers are much advantageous when it comes to effortlessly pointing at object that is too high or too far. The beam of the laser can point to anywhere unlike the stick or rod which has a limited reach.
Laser pointers use the laser technology where a light is amplified using battery power. At present, laser pointer batteries are rechargeable like CR123 or 18650 battery. The lights of pointers’ laser available today are 473nm, 405nm, 650nm, 980nm,1064nm,808nm and the most common 532nm green beam. Now, green laser pointer is the widely used color of laser because of its high visibility where you can clearly see the light of the beam being produced. Compared to the yellow light which may diffuse, green light can be more stable when it comes to temperature and background light. Green laser pointer has a high frequency having the wavelength of up to 532nm that is powerful enough to become very visible. Other high frequency laser beams available in the market today are violet and blue. You can still find red or red-orange beams that is more powerful that its ancestors.
When choosing a laser pointer, you can look at different strengths and according to the need. These laser pointers beams can be hazardous to the eye but the good news is that most of the product designs of laser pointer today are created with safety features. If you want something that you can use as light or just a toy then you can choose the 532nm 150mw titanium green laser pointer. But if you want something that you can use in parties, you can have the powerful lasers such as green, red, blue, and violet. But be responsible in using it because pointing it to the eye of person may cause blindness or eye defect. Moreover, the eye injury caused by laser irradiation is cumulative, so even the little injury is not obvious enough, but don't wait until it's too late. You must wear the laser safety goggles when operate these lasers and encounter these lasers beams.

Surprising Laser Safety Goggles for Laser Pointers

The laser pointer is made to highly gather the energy and power at the focus within seconds, while our eyes lens also functions as focusing; all combines to make the power in the unit area shot at the retina increases nearly one million times. Laser has great monochromaticity and thus shows little chromatic aberration within the optical fundus, because the pulsed laser injury speed is much faster than the blink reflex: generally speaking, the blink reflex time of human eyes is 150-250ms, while the response of pulsed laser can be as short as 10-6s and even 10-12 S level. Because pulsed laser injury is much faster than the blink reflex. Human eyes are the most sensitive organ of the human body, Coupled with a extremely short moment, in a extremely small area, the extremely intense release of the ultra concentration of the energy and power, no wonder even the low doses of laser irradiation may also cause serious damage on the cornea or retina. Moreover, the eye injury caused by laser irradiation is cumulative, so even the little injury is not obvious enough, but don't wait until it's too late.
Laser Safety Goggles applies the optical absorption principle: its target light source is not selective, and one can nearly block any diffused light radiated from the laser; the incident angle of the light source is not selective either and they receive the equally efficient protection. With faster light reaction and higher damping decrement, these goggles are also anti-wear, and even there is any scratch, the laser safety is not affected.

The JetLasers laser safety goggle is the synthesis of PC and Australia imported light absorbing materials of specific wavelengths. It's highly effective, explosion-proof, and eyes protective.Laser safety goggles can protect human eyes from laser pointer beam.
The laser safety goggle is highly effective, explosion-proof, and eyes protective. Laser safety goggle is light weighted, high in toughness and unbreakable, and has been widely recognized and recommended by international security organizations and laser users. Completely meeting the safety requirements of GJB1762-93 "laser protective glasses physical health standards," and it's very comfortable, beautiful and reliable.

Non Lethal Deterrent--Green Laser Dazzler

In a recent response to the value of laser dazzler as means of non lethal deterrent and saving lives, the US army Rapid Equipping Force at Fort Belvoir Va has expedited the shipment of 2000 high power laser pointers to soldiers in Baghdad, Iraq.
In terms of their use, a common dilemma often faced by soldiers deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan is how to warn/deter suspicious or aggressively driven vehicles that are approaching their checkpoint or convoy operations with out using potentially lethal force. This is particularly a problem during night operations when identification is more difficult. Laser dazzlers have been especially useful in this regard as a means of non lethal deterrent.

The use of laser dazzlers in combat zones is not just limited to fixed positions and vehicles. Military personnel out on patrol or in the field have also used high power laser pointers as a non lethal means of deterrent. This use is clearly illustrated from a soldiers records of a Baghdad night patrol on Route Michigan.

Non lethal laser dazzler is one of many military personal who privately purchased a high power laser pointer.Enlarge US and coalition military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan are employing high power laser pointers as means of non lethal deterrent and saving lives. Laser dazzler or green laser dazzler though are a new form of technology and are not yet standard military issue. Due to their immense value in combat situations, military personnel and their families are regularly buying green laser dazzlers and high power laser pointer at their own expense.

The importance of laser dazzlers in saving lives is also acknowledged by the Department of Defence . When you consider the alternative which is a bullet, I honestly believe you can use laser dazzler; you can use them effectively. These high powered laser pointers are commercially available and are normally purchased by military personnel and their families online. In situations when lives are at stake, it is essential for the laser dazzler to be effective.

Skin Conditions Treated by Lasers

The most common use of laser in dermatology is in the treatment of vascular lesions using lasers. It was used primarily for treating port wine stains in children. However, with modifications of the initial parameters which allow longer pulses and wavelengths, it is increasingly being used in the treatment of blood vessel diseases and also for epidermal cooling. Smaller superficial vascular malformations respond better than treatment of deeper, larger blood vessels with an approximate 80% fading after 8 to 10 treatments. Most of lasers in dermatology and skin conditions treated include 473nm lasers,532nm lasers,635nm lasers,650nm lasers,671nm lasers,980nm lasers and 1064nm lasers,etc. These lasers have also been used to remove viral warts, acne and psoriasis. Keloids and hypertrophic scars, which have been traditionally difficult to remove, can be eradicated by vaporising lasers like carbon dioxide and erbium.

Unwanted hair can be effectively removed or reduced using lasers such as 635nm lasers or 1064nm lasers. These lasers target the melanin within the hair shaft and bulb causing the destruction of cells. This results in the slowing down the ability of hair growth.

Laser resurfacing allows the collagen in the skin to be rebuilt, making a patient look younger by reducing the wrinkles in the skin. The most commonly used noninvasive device, green lasers or red lasers emitting diodes have been used to stimulate the fibroblasts in the skin to produce collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans to rejuvenate the skin.

It is important that the anybody using laser devices should be thoroughly trained and the patients and the clinic staff be given eye protection. You must be wearing laser safety goggles or protective goggles. Patients should keep in mind that laser treatments are basically burns, which can cause temporary pain, infection and redness. Understanding the inherent risks and complications is crucial. So, before going for a laser treatment, please consult a qualified laser surgeon.

Marvelous Titanium Products

Titanium is used in condensers and turbine blades in electric power plants. It is also incorporated into the architecture of buildings, roofs, piping and cable. Titanium also is valued in the petrochemical industry, where it is used in heat exchangers and reactors. The automotive industry uses it in automotive components including connecting rods, valves, and suspension springs. The sporting goods industry uses the metal in the manufacture of bicycles, golf clubs, tennis rackets, and wheelchairs designed for disabled people who want to participate in a sport.

http://www.jetlasers.org/ provides the titanium 5mw to 200mw blue violet laser pointer and titanium 5mw to 30mw portable blue lasers, 5mw-250mw titanium green laser and titanium portable red lasers.

Because of its corrosion resistance, titanium and its alloys are used extensively in prosthetic devices such as artificial heart pumps, pacemaker cases, heart-valve parts and load bearing bone or hip-joint replacements or bone splints. Human body fluids are essentially chloride brines with pH values ranging from 7.4 into the acidic range and also contain a variety of organic acids and other media, to which titanium is totally immune.
Since titanium does not become magnetized, it is used in the structural parts surrounding computer components such as disk drives and microchips, which can be ruined by stray magnetism. Other common applications of titanium include shape memory eyeglass frames, watches and jewelry.